difNLR 1.5.3 (2026-01-08)
Major updates
- A webpage https://adelahladka.github.io/difNLR/ was created.
- The first vignette for a quick start with the
difNLR()function was created.
difNLR 1.5.2 (2025-11-18)
Major updates
-
matchargument of thedifNLR(),difORD(), andddfMLR()now handles a numeric matrix where each column represents the matching criterion for each item ofData. -
matchargument of thedifNLR(),difORD(), andddfMLR()now can take also values of"restscore"and"zrestscore"representing total score without item being currently tested and its standardized version, respectively. - Argument
constraintsis now used in thestartNLR()function when computing starting values for thedifNLR()function.
Minor updates
- Tests extended and updated.
- Checking inputs of the
difNLR(),difORD(), andddfMLR()functions was updated. - Documentation of the
difNLR(),difORD(), andddfMLR()functions was updated; specifically formatch,anchor, andpurifyarguments. New outputmatch.namedescribing name of the matching criterion for plotting was added.
difNLR 1.5.1-4 (2025-06-30)
CRAN release: 2025-06-30
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
It includes versions 1.5.1-2 - 1.5.1-4
difNLR 1.5.1-3 (2025-06-08)
Bug fixes
- Typos in equations of generalized logistic model in the
difNLRfunction were fixed. - Parametrization for the parameters “c” and “d” in the
predict.difNLRwas fixed, fixing also issues in theplot.difNLR. - Bug in degrees of freedom in the
dfoutput of thedifNLR()function was fixed. Degrees of freedom are now correctly returned for the LR and Wald tests. - When
purify = TRUEoranchorargument is used, matching criterion is now correctly computed in theplot()andpredict()S3 methods for thedifNLR()function. - Bug in the
fitted()S3 method for thedifNLRwas fixed.
Minor updates
- References were updated.
- Tests extended and updated.
- Check of the
startinput in thedifNLR()function was updated. - Check of inputs was updated in the
genNLR(),difNLR(),difORD(), andddfMLR()functions. - Error messages were updated for the
difNLR(),difORD(),ddfMLR(),formulaNLR(), andgenNLR()functions. - Output
anchorwas added into thedifNLR(),difORD(), andddfMLR()functions, specifying anchoring items from theanchorargument. This also excludes DIF items when item purification is applied with thepurify = TRUEargument.
difNLR 1.5.1-2 (2025-03-05)
Bug fixes
- Bug in
NLR()whenmethod = "irls"fixed. Parameters are now labelled as b0-b3 and estimates are correctly printed with thecoef.difNLR()S3 method. - Bug in
coef.difNLR()S3 method fixed when only one parameter is estimated. Thanks to Jan Netik. - Bug in
coef.difNLR()S3 method fixed when multiple items did not converged. - Bug in
difNLR()handling items that failed to converge and their estimates.
difNLR 1.5.1-1 (2025-03-03)
CRAN release: 2025-03-03
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
It includes versions 1.5.0-1 - 1.5.0-2
difNLR 1.5.0-2 (2025-02-27)
Bug fixes
- Bug in
formulaNLR()whentype = "b"fixed. - Bug in
estimNLR()whenmethod = "plf"fixed. - Bug in
NLR()calculating SEs when no item is converged fixed.
difNLR 1.5.0-1 (2025-02-17)
Bug fixes
- Bug in re-calculation of starting values in the
NLR()function was fixed. - Bugs in
coef.difNLR()when convergence issues are present were fixed. Thanks to Jan Netik.
Minor updates
- Warnings and messages in the
NLR()anddifNLR()functions were updated. - Documentation of the
coef.difNLR()was updated. - Some typos were fixed.
- README file was updated.
- Description of the package was updated.
difNLR 1.5.0 (2024-12-14)
CRAN release: 2024-12-19
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
Bug fixes
- Bug caused by mixing two parametrization in
predict.difNLR()was fixed. - Bug in calculation of starting values with
startNLR()was fixed.
Major updates
- Options
"em"and"plf"were added for themethodargument in theestimNLR()function to estimate item parameters with either the EM algorithm or algorithm based on parametric link function (PLF). “plf” is now default option. This is also the default option for theNLR()function. - Options for the
parameterizationargument of theformulaNLR()andstartNLR()function were updated (renamed). - Intercept-slope parameterization is now used for model fitting, so slots of fitted objects like
parM0are returned with this parameterization. - Argument
constraintswere added into thestartNLR()function.
difNLR 1.4.3 (2023-05-03)
Major updates
-
"likelihood"option for maximum likelihood estimation in theestimNLR()function was renamed to"mle". - S3 methods for the
estimNLR()function were extended and improved.
difNLR 1.4.2 (2023-05-02)
Bug fixes
-
plot.ddfMLR()now correctly plots ordinal data. - Option
test = "W"was fixed for thedifNLR()andNLR()functions. - Constraints handling was fixed for the
difNLR()andNLR()functions.
Minor updates
-
startNLRnow handles missing values. Returns error when not enough complete observations are provided. - Arguments in
ggplot2plotting methods were updated to follow changes in theggplot2package. - Linetype and its legend appearance in
ggplot2plotting methods were updated. -
ggplot2v.3.4.0 is now imported. - Examples for the
difORD()andORD()functions were updated. Now using theAnxietydataset from theShinyItemAnalysispackage.
difNLR 1.3.7-3 (2022-02-11)
Bug fixes
- Option
parameterization = "logistic"was fixed informulaNLR()function.
Major updates
- First version of iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm was implemented in
difNLR(),NLR(), andestimNLR()functions. -
coef.difNLR(),coef.difORD(), andcoef.ddfMLR()methods now include delta method for IRT and logistic parameterizations. -
coef.difNLR(),coef.difORD(), andcoef.ddfMLR()methods now include calculation of confidence intervals.
Minor updates
- Some typos fixed.
- Examples in functions were updated.
- References were updated.
- Output of
estimNLR()function is now unified viaprint()method. - Packages CTT, grDevices, methods are no longer imported.
difNLR 1.3.5-1 (2020-09-03)
Major updates
- Sandwich estimator for covariance matrix in case that
method = "nls"was implemented into thevcov()method for the output of theestimNLR()function. - Wald test for implemented for the
difNLR()function. - Sandwich estimator for covariance matrix in case that
method = "nls"was implemented into thedifNLR()function via an argumentsandwich = TRUE.
difNLR 1.3.4/1.3.5 (2020-08-24)
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
Bug fixes
- Error when covariance matrix cannot be computed for some items in
difNLR()function was fixed.
difNLR 1.3.3 (2020-04-29)
CRAN release: 2020-05-04
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
Bug fixes
- Bug in calculation of standard errors for estimates of
difNLR()was fixed. - Bug in coefficients of
difNLR()for non-converged items including naming of parameters was fixed (Reported by Jan Netik). - In case that covariance matrix cannot be computed in
NLR(), function gives warning andNAvalues for covariance matrix and vector of standard errors are returned.
Major updates
- Confidence intervals were added into
predict.difNLR()method. - Delta method for alternative parametrization is now applied for whole covariance matrix in
difNLR(). - Unnecessary arguments of
plot.difNLR(),plot.difORD()andplot.ddfMLR()were removed. Change of colours/linetypes/shapes/title can be managed using standardggplot2syntax. -
plot.difNLR()now offers possibility to turn off drawing of empirical probabilities using argumentdraw.empirical = FALSE. -
plot.difNLR()now offers possibility to plot confidence intervals for predicted values as offered inpredict.difNLR()using argumentdraw.CI = TRUE. - Starting values calculated via
startNLR()were improved forscoreas matching criterion using argumentmatch.
Minor updates
- Legends in
plot.difNLR(),plot.difORD()andplot.ddfMLR()were unified. - Colors in
plot.difORD()andplot.ddfMLR()were changed to blind-color friendly palettes.
difNLR 1.3.1 (2020-01-27)
CRAN release: 2020-01-27
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
It includes versions 1.3.0-1 - 1.3.0-6 and following changes:
Bug fixes
- Method
plot.difNLR()now correctly uses matching criterion when item purification is applied.
difNLR 1.3.0-6 (2020-01-22)
Bug fixes
- Mismatch in null and alternative models was fixed for all functions.
-
MLR()function now returns correct value of log-likelihood for alternative model.
difNLR 1.3.0-5 (2020-01-20)
Bug fixes
- Function
MLR()was fixed for binary data and IRT parametrization. - Typo fixed in
print.difORD()method. - Method
plot.ddfMLR()was fixed for binary data.
difNLR 1.3.0-4 (2020-01-17)
Major updates
- Function
ddfORD()was renamed todifORD().
Minor updates
- Function
genNLR()with an optionitemtype = "nominal"returns nominal items as factors with levels presented by capital letters. - Legend for
plot.ddfMLR()was updated to show P(Y = option) instead of option alone. - README file updated.
- Typos fixed.
difNLR 1.3.0-3 (2020-01-07)
Major updates
- Seed was added for re-calculation of bootstrapped initial values in
NLR()estimation.
Minor updates
- Argument
itemfor S3 methods ofdifNLRclass can be now name of the column inData. - Legends in
plot.ddfMLR()andplot.ddfORD()were updated. - Some typos were fixed.
difNLR 1.3.0-2 (2020-01-03)
Major updates
- Default option of argument type in
difNLR()function was set to"all"instead of"both".
Minor updates
- Package
stylerwas used to improve formatting of the code. - Package
ShinyItemAnalysiswas added into Suggests. - Figures for README were updated.
DOCUMENTATION
- Documentation for all data was updated. Format of data was fixed.
- Documentation of
estimNLR()was improved.
difNLR 1.3.0 (2019-08-19)
CRAN release: 2019-08-20
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
It includes versions 1.2.3 - 1.2.8-4 and following changes:
difNLR 1.2.8-3 (2019-08-08)
Minor updates
-
genNLR()now generates ordinal data using adjacent category logit model with argumentitemtype = "ordinal".
difNLR 1.2.8-2 (2019-08-07)
Bug fixes
-
plot.ddfORD()now works when items have different scales. - Argument
anchoris now used for calculation of matching criterion in functionORD(). - IRT parametrization was fixed for
ddfORD(). -
logLik.ddfMLR()now works properly. - anchor items are now used for calculation of matching criterion in
plot.ddfORD()andplot.ddfMLR().
Major updates
- Names of reference and focal group in
plot.difNLR()can be changed withgroup.nameargument.
difNLR 1.2.8-1 (2019-08-06)
Minor updates
- IRT parametrization now available in
ddfMLR()function with argumentparametrization. SE calculated with delta method. - Names of reference and focal group in
plot.ddfMLR()can be changed withgroup.nameargument.
difNLR 1.2.8 (2019-08-05)
difNLR 1.2.5 (2019-07-02)
Major updates
- S3 methods
AIC(),BIC(),logLik(),coef()forddfORD()were implemented. - S3 methods
AIC(),BIC(),logLik(),residuals()fordifNLR()andddfMLR()objects now handle column names asitemargument. - S3 method
coef()fordifNLRandddfMLRobjects were updated. Their now includes argumentsSE(logical) to print standard errors andsimplify(logical) whether list of estimates should be simplified into a matrix.
difNLR 1.2.4 (2019-07-02)
Major updates
- New functions
ddfORD()andORD()for DDF detection for ordinal data with adjacent and cumulative logistic regression models were added. Output is displayed via S3 methodprint.ddfORD()
difNLR 1.2.3 (2019-06-20)
Bug fixes
-
plot.ddfMLR()now handles also binary data. -
ddfMLR()returns consistently"No DDF item detected"when no DDF item was detected.
Major updates
- Matching criterion for
plot.ddfMLR()was improved for displaying more smooth curves.
difNLR 1.2.2 (2018-05-03)
CRAN release: 2018-05-04
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
It includes versions 1.2.1-1 - 1.2.1-3
difNLR 1.2.1 (2018-03-01)
CRAN release: 2018-03-05
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
It includes versions 1.2.0-1 - 1.2.0-7
difNLR 1.2.0-7 (2018-02-27)
Major updates
- Argument
startindifNLR()function is now item-specific. The input is correctly checked. - In case that some items do not converge, starting values are recalculated from bootstrapped sample and problematic models are fitted again. This is done 20 times at most. The options were added into
difNLR()andNLR()functions. - Argument
constraintsindifNLR()function is now item-specific.
Minor updates
- Minor typos were fixed in
print()method fordifNLRclass. - Title was shorten.
- Description of package was updated.
- Description file was updated, reference was added.
- README file was updated.
- CITATION file was updated.
difNLR 1.2.0-6 (2018-02-26)
Major updates
- S3 methods for
difNLRclass are now properly described, especially,plot.difNLR()andpredict.difNLR(). -
difNLR()documentation was improved.
Bug fixes
- S3 methods for class
difNLRcan now properly handle items with convergence issues. -
NLR()now detects DIF correctly with F test.
difNLR 1.2.0-5 (2018-02-20)
Minor updates
- Documentation of
difNLR-packagewas updated. - Syntax in
plot()andresiduals()fordifNLRwas slightly improved. -
logLik()fordifNLRnow returns list oflogLikclass values.
difNLR 1.2.0-4 (2018-02-19)
Major updates
- Function
startNLR()now handles item-specific arguments (modelandparameterization). Its output is now in the form of list. It can be simplified with argumentsimplifyinto table when all parameterizations are the same. - Function
NLR()now handles item-specific arguments (model,typeandconstraints). - Function
difNLR()now handles item-specific arguments (model,typeandconstraints).
difNLR 1.2.0-3 (2018-02-19)
Bug fixes
- Starting values in input of
estimNLR()inNLR()are now properly named. - Bug in alternative parameterization for testing differences in parameters c and d in function
formulaNLR()was fixed.
difNLR 1.2.0-2 (2018-02-15)
Major updates
- Function
genNLR()can now also generate nominal data based on model specified inddfMLR(). - Argument
parametersingenNLR()is no longer applicable. - Arguments
a,b,c,dwere added intogenNLR()as parameters - discrimination, difficulty, guessing, inattention - Function
genNLR()can now also generate different underlying distributions for reference and focal group with argumentsmuandsigma.
difNLR 1.2.0-1 (2018-02-14)
Major updates
- New function
estimNLR()to estimate parameters of NLR models was added. This function uses non-linear least squares or maximum likelihood method. - Function
NLR()now usesestimNLR()for estimation of models parameters. - Function
difNLR()can now estimate models parameters with also maximum likelihood method. - Iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) method was added into
estimNLR()function. This option is not fully functional.
Bug fixes
- Bug in
plot()forddfMLRclass in matching criterion was fixed. - Bug in
NLR()was fixed. User-specified starting values are now available. - Bug in
startNLR()was fixed. Function runs even if there are not unique cuts for total scores/match. - Bug in log-likelihood calculation in
estimNLR()was fixed.
Minor updates
- Some preparation for new estimation methods for F test in
NLR()was done. - Convergence failure warning is now item specific.
- Warning and error messages were improved.
difNLR 1.1.3 (2018-02-06)
Major updates
- Specification of upper and lower asymptotes in
startNLR()function was improved. - Functions
ddfMLR()andMLR()can now handle also total score or other user-specified matching criterion. - S3 functions
plot()for classddfMLRcan also handle total score or other user-specified matching criterion.
difNLR 1.1.2 (2017-12-12)
Major updates
- CITATION file was added with reference to relevant paper.
- Bug when loading group by group identificator was fixed.
- Condition to check dimension of complete cases data was added.
- Function
residuals.difNLR()was added. - S3 functions
AIC()andBIC()fordifNLRclass were updated. - S3 functions
plot(),fitted()andpredict()fordifNLRclass can now handle also other matching criteria thanzscore.
difNLR 1.1.1 (2017-08-28)
CRAN release: 2017-08-29
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
Major updates
- Bug in
startNLR()function for missing values was fixed.
difNLR 1.1.0 (2017-08-21)
CRAN release: 2017-08-22
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
Minor updates
- Bug in
plot.difNLR()was fixed. - README file was updated.
- Package documentation was updated.
- Default value for
constraintsarguments inNLR()andformulaNLR()functions were set toNULL. - Default starting values were added into
NLR()function bystartNLR()function.
difNLR 1.0.8 (2017-08-14)
Bug fixes
- Several bugs were fixed:
-
difNLR()function can handleDatawith one column. -
startNLR()now works whenmatchargument is set. - Check input condition was fixed in
formulaNLR()function. - Delta method in
NLR()function.
-
difNLR 1.0.7 (2017-08-10)
Minor updates
- Minor bug in
logLik.ddfMLR()function was fixed. - Documentation of
difNLR()was updated.
difNLR 1.0.5 (2017-08-09)
difNLR 1.0.4 (2017-08-08)
Major updates
- New function
formulaNLR()was implemented. Function returns formula for NLR model for 11 predefined models and 4 predefined DIF types to test. Model and DIF type can be also specified with constraints on parameters a, b, c and d. - Function
NLR()now handles 11 predefined models and 4 predefined DIF types to test. Model and DIF type can be also specified with constraints on parameters a, b, c and d. - Function
startNLR()was edited to return starting parameters with different parameterization. It was also mildly changed to correspond to new version ofNLR()function. - Function
difNLR()can now handle also total score or other user-specified matching score. - Function
constrNLR()is no longer part of thedifNLRpackage.
difNLR 1.0.2 (2017-06-06)
CRAN release: 2017-06-06
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
Major updates
- Bug of dimensions for parameter estimates of
difNLR()function was fixed. - Datasets
GMATandGMATtestwere extended bycriterionvariable which is intended to be predicted by test. -
coef,logLik,AICandBICS3 methods were added for classddfMLR.
Minor updates
- Functions
plot.ddfMLR()andplot.difNLR()were slightly improved. - Updated error and warning handling in
difNLR()andddfMLR()functions. - Description file was updated.
- Item names are now the same as in original data set.
- README file updated.
difNLR 1.0.0 (2017-01-10)
CRAN release: 2017-01-24
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
Major updates
- New function
ddfMLR()to detect Differential Distractor Functioning (DDF) with Multinomial Log-linear Regression (MLR) model. S3 methods for classddfMLRalso added -printandplot. - New function
MLR()to calculate likelihood ratio statistic for detecting DDF with MLR model. - The
difNLR()function can handle 6 generalized logistic regression models with optionmodel. - Functions
startNLR(),genNLR()and S3 methods for classdifNLRwere changed accordingdifNLR()function. S3 methodcoefwas created. - New functions
NLR()andconstrNLR()can now calculates DIF detection statistics and specify constraints for generalized logistic regression model. - Function
difNLR()was edited to response todifRpackage and its DIF detection functions. - Function
genNLR()was changed to generate dataset from generalized logistic regression model with 8 parameters.
difNLR 0.2.0 (2016-11-09)
CRAN release: 2016-11-09
THIS IS A CRAN VERSION
Major updates
- S3 method
plotfor classdifNLRwas updated. - New option of
testindifNLR()function was added. Possible choices are nowFfor F-test andLRfor likelihood ratio test. - Choice of significant level
alphawas added intodifNLR()function with default option 0.05. - Six new data sets were added - scored
GMATdata, its unscored versionGMATtestand its keyGMATkey. ScoreddifMedicaldata set, its unscored versiondifMedicaltestand keydifMedicalkey. - New function
genNLR()was added to generate scored (binary) data with model bydifNLR.
